Harriet Beecher Stowe Biography Writer, Reformer

Harriet Beecher Stowe is remembered as the author of Uncle Toms Cabin, a book which helped build anti-slavery sentiment in America and abroad.  She was a writer, teacher, and reformer.  She lived from June 14, 1811 to July 1, 1896. Fast Facts: Harriet Beecher Stowe Also known as  Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe, Harriet Stowe, Christopher CrowfieldBorn: June 14, 1811Died: July 1, 1896Known for: Teacher, reformer, and author of Uncle Toms Cabin, a book which helped build anti-slavery sentiment in America and abroad.Parents:  Lyman Beecher  (Congregationalist minister and president, Lane  Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio) and  Roxana Foote Beecher (granddaughter of General Andrew Ward)Spouse:  Calvin Ellis Stowe (married January 1836; biblical scholar)Children:  Eliza and Harriet (twin daughters, born September 1837),  Henry (drowned 1857),  Frederick (served as cotton plantation manager at Stowes plantation in Florida; lost at sea in 1871),  Georgiana,  Samuel Charles (died 1849, 18 months old, of cholera),  Charles About Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowes  Uncle Toms Cabin  expresses her moral outrage at the institution of slavery and its destructive effects on both whites and blacks. She portrays the evils of slavery as especially damaging to maternal bonds, as mothers dreaded the sale of their children, a theme that appealed to readers at the time when womens role in the domestic sphere was held up as her natural place. Written and published in installments between 1851 and 1852, publication in book form brought financial success to Stowe. Publishing nearly a book a year between 1862 and 1884, Harriet Beecher Stowe moved from her early focus on slavery in such works as  Uncle Toms Cabin  and another novel,  Dred, to deal with religious faith, domesticity, and family life. When Stowe met President Lincoln in 1862, he is said to have exclaimed, So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war! Childhood and Youth Harriet Beecher Stowe was born in Connecticut in 1811, the seventh child of her father, the noted Congregationalist preacher, Lyman Beecher, and his first wife, Roxana Foote, who was the  granddaughter of General Andrew Ward, and who had been a mill girl before marriage. Harriet had two sisters, Catherine Beecher and Mary Beecher, and she had five brothers,  William Beecher, Edward Beecher, George Beecher, Henry Ward Beecher, and Charles Beecher. Harriets mother, Roxana, died when Harriet was four, and the oldest sister, Catherine, took over care of the other children. Even after Lyman Beecher remarried, and Harriet had a good relationship with her stepmother, Harriets relationship with Catherine remained strong. From her fathers second marriage, Harriet had two half brothers,  Thomas Beecher and James Beecher, and a half-sister,  Isabella Beecher Hooker.  Five of her seven brothers and half-brothers became ministers. After five years at Maam Kilbourns school, Harriet enrolled in Litchfield Academy, winning an award (and her fathers praise) when she was twelve for an essay titled, Can the immortality of the Soul be Proved by the Light of Nature? Harriets sister Catherine founded a school for girls in Hartford, the Hartford Female Seminary, and Harriet enrolled there. Soon, Catherine had her young sister Harriet teaching at the school. In 1832, Lyman Beecher was appointed the president of Lane Theological Seminary, and he moved his family—including both Harriet and Catherine—to Cincinnati. There, Harriet associated in literary circles with the likes of Salmon P. Chase (later governor, senator, member of Lincolns cabinet, and Supreme Court chief justice) and Calvin Ellis Stowe, a Lane professor of biblical theology, whose wife, Eliza, became a close friend of Harriet. Teaching and Writing Catherine Beecher started a school in Cincinnati, the Western Female Institute, and Harriet became a teacher there. Harriet began writing professionally.  First, she co-wrote a geography textbook with her sister, Catherine. She then sold several stories. Cincinnati was across the Ohio from Kentucky, a slave state, and Harriet also visited a plantation there and saw slavery for the first time. She also talked with escaped slaves. Her association with anti-slavery activists like Salmon Chase meant that she began questioning the peculiar institution. Marriage and Family After her friend Eliza died, Harriets friendship with Calvin Stowe deepened, and they were married in 1836. Calvin Stowe was, in addition to his work in biblical theology, an active proponent of public education. After their marriage, Harriet Beecher Stowe continued to write, selling short stories and articles to popular magazines. She gave birth to twin daughters in 1837, and to six more children in fifteen years, using her earnings to pay for household help. In 1850, Calvin Stowe obtained a professorship at Bowdoin College in Maine, and the family moved, Harriet, giving birth to her last child after the move. In 1852, Calvin Stowe found a position at Andover Theological Seminary, from which hed graduated in 1829, and the family moved to Massachusetts. Writing About Slavery 1850 was also the year of the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, and in 1851, Harriets son 18-month-old died of cholera. Harriet had a vision during a communion service at the college, a vision of a dying slave, and she determined to bring that vision to life. Harriet began writing a story about slavery and used her own experience of visiting a plantation and of talking with ex-slaves. She also did much more research, even contacting Frederick Douglass to ask to be put in touch with ex-slaves who could ensure the accuracy of her story. On June 5, 1851, the National Era began publishing installments of her story, appearing in most weekly issues through April 1 of the next year. The positive response led to the publication of the stories in two volumes. Uncle Toms Cabin sold quickly, and some sources estimate as many as 325,000 copies sold in the first year. Though the book was popular not only in the United States but around the world, Harriet Beecher Stowe saw little personal profit from the book, due to the pricing structure of the publishing industry of her time, and due to the unauthorized copies that were produced outside the U.S. without the protection of copyright laws. By using the form of a novel to communicate the pain and suffering under slavery, Harriet Beecher Stowe tried to make the religious point that slavery was a sin. She succeeded. Her story was denounced in the South as a distortion, so she produced a new book, A Key to Uncle Toms Cabin, documenting the actual cases on which her books incidents were based. Reaction and support were not only in America. A petition signed by half a million English, Scottish, and Irish women, addressed to the women of the United States, led to a trip to Europe in 1853 for Harriet Beecher Stowe, Calvin Stowe, and Harriets brother Charles Beecher. She turned her experiences on this trip into a book, Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands. Harriet Beecher Stowe returned to Europe in 1856, meeting Queen Victoria and befriending the widow of the poet Lord Byron. Among others she met were Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and George Eliot. When Harriet Beecher Stowe returned to America, she wrote another antislavery novel, Dred. Her 1859 novel, The Ministers Wooing, was set in the New England of her youth and drew on her sadness in losing a second son, Henry, who drowned in an accident while a student at Dartmouth College. Harriets later writing focused mainly on New England settings. After the Civil War When Calvin Stowe retired from teaching in 1863, the family moved to Hartford, Connecticut. Stowe continued her writing, selling stories and articles, poems and advice columns, and essays on issues of the day. The Stowes began spending their winters in Florida after the end of the Civil War. Harriet established a cotton plantation in Florida, with her son Frederick as the manager, to employ newly-freed slaves. This effort and her book Palmetto Leaves endeared Harriet Beecher Stowe to Floridians. Though none of her later works were nearly as popular (or influential) as Uncle Toms Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe was the center of public attention again when, in 1869, an article in The Atlantic created a scandal. Upset at a publication that she thought insulted her friend, Lady Byron, she repeated in that article, and then more fully in a book, a charge that Lord Byron had had an incestuous relationship with his half-sister, and that a child had been born of their relationship. Frederick Stowe was lost at sea in 1871, and Harriet Beecher Stowe mourned another son lost to death. Though twin daughters Eliza and Harriet were still unmarried and helping at home, the Stowes moved to smaller quarters. Stowe wintered at a home in Florida. In 1873, she published Palmetto Leaves, about Florida, and this book led to a boom on Florida land sales. Beecher-Tilton Scandal Another scandal touched the family in the 1870s, when Henry Ward Beecher, the brother with whom Harriet had been closest, was charged with adultery with Elizabeth Tilton, the wife of one of his parishioner, Theodore Tilton, a publisher. Victoria Woodhull and Susan B. Anthony was drawn into the scandal, with Woodhull publishing the charges in her weekly newspaper. In the well-publicized adultery trial, the jury was unable to reach a verdict. Harriets half-sister Isabella, a supporter of Woodhull, believed the charges of adultery and was ostracized by the family; Harriet defended her brothers innocence. Last Years Harriet Beecher Stowes 70th birthday in 1881 was a matter of national celebration, but she did not appear in public much in her later years. Harriet helped her son, Charles, write her biography, published in 1889. Calvin Stowe died in 1886, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, bedridden for some years, died in 1896. Selected Writings The Mayflower; or, Sketches of Scenes and Characters among the Descendants of the Pilgrims,  Harper, 1843.Uncle Toms Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly,  two volumes, 1852.A Key to Uncle Toms Cabin: Presenting the Original Facts and Documents upon which the Story is Founded,  1853.Uncle Sams Emancipation: Earthly Care, a Heavenly Discipline, and Other Sketches,  1853.Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands,  two volumes, 1854.The Mayflower and Miscellaneous Writings,  1855 (expanded edition of 1843 publication).The Christian Slave: A Drama Founded on a Portion of Uncle Toms Cabin,  1855.Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp,  two volumes, 1856, published as  Nina Gordon: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp,  two volumes, 1866.A Reply to The Affectionate and Christian Address of Many Thousands of Women of Great Britain and Ireland to Their Sisters, the Women of the United States of America,  1863.Religious Poems,  1867.Men of Our Times; or, Leading Patriots of the Day,  1 868, also published as  The Lives and Deeds of Our Self-made Men,  1872.Lady Byron Vindicated: A History of the Byron Controversy, from Its Beginning in 1816 to the Present Time,  1870.(With Edward Everett Hale, Lucretia Peabody Hale, and others)  Six of One by Half a Dozen of the Other: An Every Day Novel,  1872.Palmetto Leaves, 1873.Woman in Sacred History,  1873, published as  Bible Heroines,1878.The Writings of  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  sixteen volumes, Houghton, Mifflin, 1896. Recommended Reading Adams, John R.,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  1963.Ammons, Elizabeth, editor,  Critical Essays on  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  1980.Crozier, Alice C.,  The Novels of  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  1969.Foster, Charles,  The Rungless Ladder:  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe  and New England Puritanism,  1954.Gerson, Noel B.,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  1976.Kimball, Gayle,  The Religious Ideas of  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe: Her Gospel of Womanhood,  1982.Koester, Nancy,  Harriet Beeche Stowe: A Spiritual Life, 2014.Wagenknecht, Edward Charles,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe: The Known and the Unknown,  Oxford University Press, 1965.

Stems Cells And Regenerative Dentistry Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

With root cell therapy scientists hope to bring around diseases and replace damaged tissues and variety meats in the human organic structure. Stem cell research for the possible application of cell based therapy in dental medicine has incited a considerable sum of exhilaration. At present dentitions can merely be replaced with conventional prosthetic device such as removable or fixed dental prosthetic device and implants. We will write a custom essay sample on Stems Cells And Regenerative Dentistry Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some initial success utilizing dental root cells in vitro every bit good as in vivo animate being theoretical accounts promises a sensible hereafter for the curative usage of root cells in regenerative dental medicine [ 1 ] . In my findings I have explored two types of human root cells in relation to regenerative dental medicine. They are human dental root cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ( iPSCs ) . The intent of my research was to find what root cells are and its place in regenerative dental medicine. Keywords: Regenerative dental medicine, tissue technology, root cells, dental root cells, induced pluripotent root cells. Stem cells There are soon three types of human root cells used in biomedical research, Human Embryonic Stem Cells ( hESCs ) , Adult ( Somatic ) Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem cells ( iPSCs ) . Stem cells are unspecialized cells found in the organic structure that give rise to specialized cells of a specific tissue type. They can split and self-renew for indefinite periods throughout the life-time of an being. They are capable of asymmetrical division into farther root cells and symmetrical division into committed primogenitor cells. They are classified harmonizing to their possible to distinguish which is totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent. In the early phases of human development, the fertilised egg known as the Zygote is considered to be totipotent ( Latin: totus significance full and potens intending power ) . It has the possible to give rise to an full being including the extra-embryonic tissue of the placenta and umbilical cord. During the blastodermic vessicle phase of embry ogenesis, the cells found in the inner cell mass are known as Embryonic Stem Cells ( ESC ‘s ) . ESC ‘s are capable of giving rise to all three sources beds in the human organic structure and are later responsible for coevals of all tissues and variety meats, excepting extra-embryonic tissues. ESC ‘s are considered pluripotent ( Latin: plurimus intending really many, potens intending power ) . Adult ( Somatic ) Stem Cells ( ASCs ) are theoretically present in every type of tissue, found in a root cell niche [ 1, 9 ] . In grownups, root cells serve as an internal fix system to refill and replace damaged cells in tissues and variety meats. Bodily Stem cells are somewhat more specialized than ESCs as they can largely distinguish into the cell types of the tissue in which they reside. ASCs are hence considered multipotent. Due to rapid new finds in Stem Cell Science, scientists have introduced a 3rd type of human root cells known as Induced Pluripotent Stem cells ( iPSC s ) . IPSCs are bodily cells that are genetically manipulated to presume an embryologic root cell like province. They express the pluripotency potency of embryologic root cells. This successfully circumvents ethical issues environing the usage of ESC ‘s, therefore progressing the pertinence of root cells in regenerative medical specialty [ 4, 5 ] . Figure 1 Diagram picturing ESCs, which through immunosurgery is derived from a 3-5 twenty-four hours preimplantation embryo known as a blastodermic vessicle Tissue technology and Dentistry Tissue technology is the interdisciplinary field of medical pattern that applies the rules of biomedical scientific discipline to reparative medical specialty. In regenerative dental medicine, two types of tissue technology have been described. The first is conventional tissue technology for regeneration of dental tissue utilizing mesenchymal cells in vitro. The 2nd is whole tooth regeneration utilizing mesenchymal cells and dental epithelial tissue in vivo [ 1 ] . The footing of whole dentition or single dental tissue regeneration is dependent on the acquisition of suited root cells and suited environmental conditions. Figure 2 Diagram picturing the construct of utilizing a tissue technology attack to make new mush tissue and let for completion of the perpendicular and sidelong root formation in a immature tooth that had mush mortification induced by injury [ 2 ] . Stem cells in clinical dental medicine In order to understand the pertinence of root cells in regenerative dental medicine, a clear apprehension of the procedures of embryogenesis and odontogenesis ( tooth development ) is indispensable. The cells involved in odontogenesis are of ectomesenchymal beginning. During embryogenesis, the nervous crest cells arising from the exoderm of the nervous tubing and mesenchymal cells arising from paraxial mesoblast interact to organize the enamel organ and dental papilla. The enamel organ is the lone organ of epithelial beginning involved in odontogenesis. All other constructions of a tooth are of mesenchymal beginning. During odontogenesis distinction occurs through cell communicating. This is done via signalling molecules and growing factors. A tooth has two anatomical parts ; the Crown covered with enamel exposed in the oral cavity and the root which is embedded in the jaw. Around the tooth the periodontic ligament attaches the cementum to the difficult sheet of the alveolar bone [ 1 , 2 ] . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jopdentonline.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/pinnacle/journals/content/odnt/2006/15592863-31.6/06-000/production/images/large/i1559-2863-31-6-633-f05.jpeg Figure 3 [ 2 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jopdentonline.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/pinnacle/journals/content/odnt/2006/15592863-31.6/06-000/production/images/medium/i1559-2863-31-6-633-f01.jpg Diagram picturing the molecular signaling XT between 2 cells Dental Stem cells The tissues of a tooth are enamel, dentin, cementum and mush. With the exclusion of the ameloblasts progenitor cells which give rise to enamel, all root cells involved in odontogenesis are of mesenchymal beginning. Dental root cells are bodily root cells. Information on human embryologic alveolar consonant root cells is non yet available [ 1 ] . Dental mush root cells ( DPSCs ) can be derived from dental mush. Dental mush can be obtained from 3rd grinders or pulpectomised dentitions. In odontogenesis dental follicle plays a major function in the development of cementum, periodontic ligament and alveolar bone. Dental follicle root cells ( DFSCs ) can be obtained from wedged 3rd grinders. Periodontic Ligament root cells ( PDLSCs ) can be derived from the roots of extracted dentitions. PDL which suspends the tooth in its air sac contains stem cells that can give rise to cementum and ligament. Stem cells from the apical portion of the papilla ( SCAPs ) are precursors of the dental mush. SCAPs are gettable from wedged 3rd grinders. Stem cells from human deciduous dentitions ( SHEDs ) can easy be obtained from the coronal mush of exfoliated deciduous dentitions. The easy handiness of mesenchymal dent al root cells makes them a suited campaigner for cell based therapies in dental medicine. Their high proliferative capacity and potency to distinguish into cementoblasts, odontoblasts, PDL primogenitors, bone-forming cells and assorted other cells implicated in odontogenesis, promises a prospective hereafter for dental root cells in clinical dental medicine. Soon the application of root cells in clinical dental medicine is hindered by many ‘roadblocks ‘ such as ill-timed eruption of dentitions, morphology of the generated tooth and most significantly the current impossibleness of renewing human dental enamel [ 1 ] . Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ( iPSCs ) and orodental diseases Apart from ethical quandary that have long surrounded the derivation of human ESC ‘s from developing embryos, its immunoincompatability for usage in developing disease-specific iPSC lines in vitro from patients has besides impeded its application in regenerative medical specialty. Through coincident overexpression of certain cistrons, iPSC lines can be produced in vitro utilizing assorted human cells. After derivation, iPSCs undergo word picture techniques and teratoma checks. Successful iPSC lines can be equated to hESC ‘s in proliferative and developmental possible [ 4, 5, 10, 11 ] . The recent promotions in IPS engineering have brought its application to the head of biomedical research. Previously iPSC ‘s were genetically manipulated through the usage of viruses and episomal vectors for genomic integrating. This methodological analysis proved inefficient. Since so new methods have been introduced to deduce iPSC ‘s free of vector and transgene DNA. With the usage of man-made messenger RNA to bring on pluripotency and distinction, scientists are able to accomplish cellular reprogramming by pull stringsing the whole genome system instead than a little set of maestro cistrons. When biochemically coaxed, iPSC lines are able to distinguish into cell types of assorted diseases. The ability to animate disease specific root cells from givers, whose genome is present, makes disease patterning more dependable. This allows for a better apprehension of the pathogeneses of diseases and its variableness amongst patients. The ability to carry on drug proving on huma n disease-models will besides progress the efficaciousness of toxicity trials and farther drug development. Some disease-specific iPSC lines have already provided a deeper apprehension of disease complexness and mechanisms. The possibility of utilizing iPSCs to handle orodental diseases could be a powerful curative tool in clinical dental medicine [ 4, 5 ] . Decision The usage of root cells in regenerative dental medicine is still in its pre-clinical stage as at that place many hurdlings yet to get the better of. The current impossibleness of renewing ameloblasts primogenitor cells to bring forth enamel is amongst the many obstructions impeding whole tooth regeneration. However, the possibility of animating autologous dental primogenitor cells and tissues in vitro holds a promising hereafter for alveolar consonant cell based therapies. The usage of IPS engineering in dental medicine is a new construct, although its application in making disease specific lines and perchance reprogramming familial orodental diseases will surely profit the hereafter of clinical dental medicine. The successful usage of root cell scientific discipline in regenerative dental medicine will surely guarantee that the twenty-first century tooth doctor plays a critical function in the field of regenerative medical specialty [ 4 ] . Methods of research The literature used to carry on this research was obtained from Medical Journal Publishing websites. This included PubMed and the National Institutes of Health. Additional beginnings included correspondence from the Director of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ( ICGEB ) , every bit good as a Postgraduate pupil in Developmental Biology. For instruction and a deeper apprehension of Cell biological science, DNA, chromosomes and viruses to understand root cell scientific discipline the Khan Academy was used. How to cite Stems Cells And Regenerative Dentistry Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Jane Goodall Essays (652 words) - Jane Goodall, Chimpanzee

Jane Goodall Jane Goodall Jane Goodall was born in London, England in 1934. This British ethnologist who is still alive today has laid claim to many great accomplishments, traveled far distances and experienced many things no woman ever has. As a young girl Jane spent her days in England studying local birds and other creatures, reading books on zoology and dreaming of one day travelling to Africa. Jane's childish fancies were turned into reality when a close friend invited her to Kenya in 1957. Only a few months after her arrival 23 year old Jane met Dr. Louis Leakey. Even though Jane had no academic credentials, Leakey chose her to conduct a long-term study of the chimpanzees in Tasmania's Gombe National Park. Even though Dr. Leakey's decision was frowned upon by many, he believed that Goodall's patience, independence and persistence to understand animals made her a good candidate for the job. He also believed that Jane's mind; uncluttered by academia would yield a fresh perspective. Even though her research contract was intended for the period of 10 years, critics believe she would last no longer than three weeks. By 1962 Jane Goodall had proved them wrong when her research was advancing greatly. It was around this time that National Geographic sent photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document her work. The two were married in Tasmania on March 28, 1964. By 1965 Jane earned her Ph. D in ethnology, the eight person in the history of Cambridge University to earn a doctorate without first taking a B.A. Not long after Jane returned to the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve on Lake Tanganyika, Tasmania. For nearly 10 years Jane studied chimpanzees. Her profound scientific discoveries laid the foundation for all future primate studies. Jane's discovery that chimpanzees made and used tools amazed the world. This one ability was once believed to separate humans from animals. A gap which was closed over the years of Jane's research as more and more similarities between humans and chimpanzees were discovered, Chimpanzees and humans differ by only just over one per cent. I watched, amazed, as she (Lucy, a chimpanzee) opened the refrigerator and various cupboards, found bottles and a glass, then poured herself a gin and tonic . Jane recorded this experience and many other discoveries in her three books; In the Shadow of Man (1971) a book documenting the life of chimpanzees, Innocent Killers (1971) about spotted hyenas, whose predatory behavior had been wrongly researched. And also, Through a Window (1990) a book about her life and experiences living with the chimps. In 1977 Goodall founded The Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation. She has also established chimpanzee sanctuaries for the care and rehabilitation of orphaned chimpanzees in four African countries. In 1995 she received the National Geographic Society's prestigious Hubbard Medal. The National Geographic supported Jane's research between 1961 and 1978; she was the recipient of 26 grants. Through her best-selling books, articles, lectures, and National Geographic programs, Jane Goodall has become world famous. Today she still lives in Tasmania, where the research at Gombe is entering its 40th year. She devotes all her time and energy into teaching young people about conservation. Jane has made many accomplishments, and experienced things only some people could ever dream of. She is a great role model and has changed the way people view chimpanzees. Africa, the birth of humankind, provides a disturbing clue to our future. As I fly across areas that were forest just years ago and see them becoming dessert, I worry. Too many people crowd this continent, so poor they strip the land for food and fuel-wood. The subject of my life's work and our closest living relative, the chimpanzees and gorillas are slaughtered for food or captured for the live-animal trade. Pollution of air, land and water abounds. Are we destroying our beautiful planet? Jane Goodall Sociology Issues

Motives for European Expansion 15th and 16th century essays

Motives for European Expansion 15th and 16th century essays Europeans had many reasons to risk their live in a really long voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. Many new technological advancements such as the cannons, new ships, magnetic compass and the astrolabe- helped make the trip something possible. Eventually Captains didnt have the money to afford this. So they had to appeal to kings to sponsor their trip. To get the Monarchs sponsorship of the trip Captains had to somehow appeal to him the idea is worth while. So they had to come up with motives. The ottomans had taken part of practically all the border of East Europe with Asia impeding trade. This meant they had to find an alternative trade route. What they tried then is to go west and find India. There major profits from trading with India were spices... This is what they wanted to from India and also found in America. Spices added flavour and variety to their foods and served as preparation for medicines. Portugal took the lead in the Spice Trade with Prince Henry as a massive sponsor of voyages. Europeans wanted to spread religion. This wasnt the most important reason for the majority. Although for some Kings such as Queen Isabella it was a really important reason. The desire to Christianize Muslims after their attempt to unite Europe under one religion with the 30 years war... The most important reason for European Expansion was clearly wealth. This has been the reason under every movement, war or law made in history. It brought you money and power Spain had under his control more land than any other country except possibly Portugal. Money, material wealth and Trade were the key. Then came the rivalry between the Countries if Portugal came from an expedition with 2 new countries discovered, lots of gold... Then Spain would go in search of 2 bigger countries with more wealth. The Dutch also took part in some expeditions; and created the Dutch East Indian Company which controlled big part of Europeans eco ...

Save a Web Page as HTML or MHT Using Delphi

Save a Web Page as HTML or MHT Using Delphi When working with Delphi, the TWebBrowser component allows you to create a customized Web browsing application or to add Internet, file and network browsing, document viewing, and data downloading capabilities to your applications. How to Save a Web Page from TWebBrowser When using Internet Explorer, you are allowed you to view the source HTML code of a page and to save that page as a file on your local drive. If you are viewing a page that you wish to keep, go to the File/Save As ... menu item. In the dialog box that opens, you have several file types offered. Saving the page as a different filetype will affect how the page is saved. The TWebBrowser component (located on the Internet page of the Component Palette) provides access to the Web browser functionality from your Delphi applications. In general, youll want to enable saving of a web page displayed inside a WebBrowser as an HTML file to a disk. Saving a Web Page As a Raw HTML If you only want to save a web page as a raw HTML you would select Web Page, HTML only (*.htm, *.html). It will simply save the current pages source HTML to your drive intact. This action will NOT save the graphics from the page or any other files used within the page, which means that if you loaded the file back from the local disk, you would see broken image links. Heres how to save a web page as raw HTML using Delphi code: uses ActiveX; ... procedure WB_SaveAs_HTML(WB : TWebBrowser; const FileName : string) ; var   Ã‚  PersistStream: IPersistStreamInit;   Ã‚  Stream: IStream;   Ã‚  FileStream: TFileStream; begin   Ã‚  if not Assigned(WB.Document) then   Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ShowMessage(Document not loaded!) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Exit;   Ã‚  end;   Ã‚  PersistStream : WB.Document as IPersistStreamInit;   Ã‚  FileStream : TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmCreate) ;   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stream : TStreamAdapter.Create(FileStream, soReference) as IStream;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if Failed(PersistStream.Save(Stream, True)) then ShowMessage(SaveAs HTML fail!) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FileStream.Free;   Ã‚  end; end; (* WB_SaveAs_HTML *) Usage sample: //first navigate WebBrowser1.Navigate(http://delphi.about.com) ; //then save WB_SaveAs_HTML(WebBrowser1,c:\WebBrowser1.html) ; Notes The IPersistStreamInit and IStream interfaces are declared inside the ActiveX unit.The web page is saved as a raw HTML to the WebBrowser1.html file on the root folder of the C drive. MHT: Web Archive, Single File When you save a Web page as Web archive, single file (*.mht) the web document gets saved in the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension HTML (MHTML) format with a .mht file extension. All relative links in the Web page are remapped and the embedded content is included in the .mht file, rather than being saved in a separate folder (as the case is with Web Page, complete (*.htm, *.html)). MHTML enables you to send and receive Web pages and other HTML documents using e-mail programs such as Microsoft Outlook, and Microsoft Outlook Express; or even your custom Delphi email sending solutions. MHTML enables you to embed images directly into the body of your e-mail messages rather than attaching them to the message. Heres how to save a webpage as a single file (MHT format) using Delphi code: uses CDO_TLB, ADODB_TLB; ... procedure WB_SaveAs_MHT(WB: TWebBrowser; FileName: TFileName) ; var   Ã‚  Msg: IMessage;   Ã‚  Conf: IConfiguration;   Ã‚  Stream: _Stream;   Ã‚  URL : widestring; begin   Ã‚  if not Assigned(WB.Document) then Exit;   Ã‚  URL : WB.LocationURL;   Ã‚  Msg : CoMessage.Create;   Ã‚  Conf : CoConfiguration.Create;   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Msg.Configuration : Conf;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Msg.CreateMHTMLBody(URL, cdoSuppressAll, , ) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stream : Msg.GetStream;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stream.SaveToFile(FileName, adSaveCreateOverWrite) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Msg : nil;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conf : nil;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stream : nil;   Ã‚  end; end; (* WB_SaveAs_MHT *) Sample usage: //first navigate WebBrowser1.Navigate(http://delphi.about.com) ; //then save WB_SaveAs_MHT(WebBrowser1,c:\WebBrowser1.mht) ; Note The _Stream class is defined in ADODB_TLB unit that you probably already have created. The IMessage and IConfiguration interfaces code from cdosys.dll library. CDO stands for Collaboration Data Objects - object libraries designed to enable SMTP Messaging. The CDO_TLB is an auto-generated unit by Delphi. To create it, from the main menu select Import Type Library, select C:\WINDOWS\system32\cdosys.dll then click the Create unit button. No TWebBrowser You could rewrite the WB_SaveAs_MHT procedure to accept an URL string (not TWebBrowser) to be able to save a web page directly no need to use the WebBrowser component. The URL from WebBrowser is retrieved using the WB.LocationURL property.

Quality Indicators Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality Indicators Paper - Essay Example It provides it services to patients from its three locations at Rochester, Minnesota; Jacksonville, Florida; and Scottsdale/Phoenix, Arizona (About Mayo Clinic). In 2008, Mayo Clinic was again adjudged as the best hospital in United States of America by U.S. News & World Report for the nineteenth consecutive. This continuing honor for Mayo Clinic is a reflection of the commitment to quality in health care that Mayo Clinic demonstrates which becomes evident from these words of Glenn Forbes, CEO of Mayo Clinic, Rochester â€Å"Were committed to setting the standard for high-value care †¦.. Nothing is more important to Mayo Clinic than quality and providing the best care to every patient, every day" (Honor Roll for 2008). The primary value at Mayo Clinic is putting the needs of the patient first. Core principles guide the various activities at Mayo Clinic. Medicine is practiced as an integrated multi-disciplinary team with compassion. Mayo Clinic believes in continually educating its physicians, scientists, and allied health professionals and also being a source of information to its patients and community that it serves. Basic and clinical research at Mayo Clinic is founded on the principle of the research enhancing patient care and being of benefit to society. Mayo Clinic believes in mutual respect and practices it by treating all the members of its diverse community with respect and dignity. Mayo Clinic is committed to quality and strives to improve the quality of health care that it provides by continually improving all the processes involved in the delivery of patient care, education and research. Mayo Clinic believes in an appropriate work atmosphere that is brought about by fostering teamwork, personal responsibility, integrity, innovation, trust, and communication through all the processes of a physician-led institution. Its commitment to society is made up of benefiting humanity by patient care, education and

Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identity - Essay Example In this variegated world the human beings simply could not avoid the unavoidable and intimate process of socialization that gives way to what is called the individual and collective identity. Thereby, the individual identity is not merely the product of one’s specific self concept, but is rather a concept that is shaped and formed by an array of forces that tend to be economic, legal, social and many a times historical in their ramifications, which scratch and etch the human consciousness and continue to shape, control and define the entity that is called identity. Identity is a notion that happens to be multi-faceted, open and perpetually evolving in its content and scope. As far as I could peek into my childhood days, I could distinctly notice the fact that during the nascent stages of the human life, the development of the individual identity is governed a lot by what an individual thinks about oneself. When I was an infant, my parents where the only outside force that to a large extent shaped my identity (Gielen & Roopnarine 213). The very helplessness and dependence of my child hood state saved me from an early exposure to the multifarious social forces that I had to deal with at a more mature stage. My home and family was the cocoon that not only allowed me to shape my identity in a relatively benign and loving environment, but also protected me from more potent and political outside influences. I was totally oblivious of the fact that in the times to come, forces like ethnicity and color will pervade my inner world and shape my identity in varied ways and forms. Hence, the only god that governed the shaping of my identity was I and my parents. Thereby, I am happy to say that I had quite a happy childhood and this allowed me to develop a positive self concept of myself that shaped an identity that was open, gregarious, happy and confident. The positive reinforcements from my family further ossified this sense of invulnerability and mirth. However, this identity related complacence was not to last forever. As I grew up and my sense of self evolved, I realized that my parents and my family were not only a source love and affection, but also happened to be social individuals who belonged to a specific class, race, ethnicity and culture. It is not that my parents predominantly tried to introduce me to these sometimes hard to acknowledge, but valid facts, but I gradually picked up these facts about my family and hence about myself through eavesdropping into their unsuspecting daily interactions. These socio-economic attributes assigned to my family gradually began to become a part of my identity. Hence, I got a very basic idea of the society and my place in it through this primary socialization with my family (Gielen & Roopnarine 63). Thereby, I could certainly say that my family circumstances largely selected my mother tongue, religion, social class and nationality. It will be true to say that I had a very basic idea about my ide ntity as I entered the mature world. Yet, I was curious to not only test the validity of these identity attributes I inherited, but to practically see as to where I stood in the outside world. In that context I could distinctly identify my young adulthood period